iPhone Software Update Imminent (and Beyond...)

T3 magazine has gotten a look at the uk edition of the iPhone and there are a couple of interesting items as a result. 

The big news out of the UK preview is that we can expect an iPhone firmware update on November 9 to support the launch. U.S. iPhone users will probably not see anything more than some security and minor bug fixes. One thing not yet known is whether Apple will brick iPhones that have been hacked. My money is on yes (and that's a completely different post).

Another interesting tidbit can be found in Apples responses to T3's questions. With regard to MMS messages Apple had an interesting response - essentially said they are not going to support anything but high definition picture sharing. Sounds like a new iPhone feature coming soon.

Apple also addressed the fact that you can not SMS with multiple people. Apple's response was that they don't comment on future enhancements. This is, of course, Apple's position on just about everything speculative. However, recently, I've noticed that Apple only drags out this old chestnut only when there is something coming down the pike that will address the issue. What this means is probably the rumored version of iChat for the iphone will be released soon.

As I see it, it looks like there's going to be at least one software update for the iPhone before the holidays. That would make sense. I suspect the priority at Apple for the remained of 2007 is to (1) Roll out Mac OS X Leopard (check); (2) Get the worldwide iPhone rollout done (in progress) with as little hassle as possible (i.e. one maybe 2 minor iPhone software updates; (3) Focus on a bang-up holiday season with Leopard, iPhone and the revamped iPod line (don't forget the Mac!) and finally, (4) Prepare for Macworld in January.

Obviously its Apple's annual Christmas in January is coming soon. So what can we expect come MWSF. I am sure that this will become THE hot topic on the Mac web in a few weeks so let me just kick off some speculation, directed at iPhone.

I think we will see three types of iPhone updates at MWSF. The first will be those that folks have been clamoring for and I classify as items that are needed to flush out the iPhone as a platform. These include things like the landscape keypad available in all applications, copy and past or some facsimile therof and other such UI niceties.

The next group of features are those I classify as new applications. In this category I put the much rumored iChat mobile and perhaps some other small widget like applications. I am sure we will see one or two of these at MWSF (an easy call given my last item below...).

Finally I think Apple will introduce something completely unexpected for the iPhone and tied into a larger Apple effort - video. I suspect that Apple is going to make a push in video next year (I would not be surprised if Steve works the phrase "year of Video into the Macworld Keynote). Its probably no big surprise that I, like many others, suspect that push is going to come in the form of movie rentals for iTunes and Apple TV (and an enhanced Apple TV at that). The iPhone will be a part of those plans. At a minimum you'll be able to watch your rentals on the iPhone after you download them in iTunes (duh. no brainer there). But even more exciting would be the ability to stream the rentals on the iPhone. If Apple goes in this direction it would be an iTunes WiFi-type enhancement (i.e. you can only stream with a WiFi connection).

Finally, I expect Apple will release the iPhone SDK, is some form, to developers at MWSF. Although it has not been promised until February, MWSF would be the logical time to get a preview the SDK release and get something into developers hands. That's why I think Apple will give out a couple of new apps to the iPhone at MWSF - to show the developers what can be done with the SDK. I expect Apple will follow up training days for developers in select cities like they did with the webkit iPhone development "kit".

If you have not noticed, I am making the migration on this site from Wordpress to Movable Type.  I spent nearly the entire weekend making the move (and I am still not convinced its the right thing to do).  

As I result, I present a Weekend Wrap of Odds & Ends, around the Mac web for November 3 & 4, 2007:

Another SNL iPhone Spoof

Behind the 02 iPhone Deal

Google vs. iPhone?

O2 Expects 200,000 iPhone Holiday Sales

AT&T iPhone International Plan

iPhone Firmware Set to Make iBricks

Apple Backlash?

iPhone Rumors

Music Subscriptions...DOA (Again)

Well, Well, Well. Seems that Napster has figured out that there is no business in music subscriptions. 

Might want to let Rick Rubin know about that:

"You would subscribe to music," Rubin explained, as he settled on the velvet couch in his library. "You'd pay, say, $19.95 a month, and the music will come anywhere you'd like. In this new world, there will be a virtual library that will be accessible from your car, from your cellphone, from your computer, from your television. Anywhere. The iPod will be obsolete, but there would be a Walkman-like device you could plug into speakers at home. You'll say, 'Today I want to listen to ... Simon and Garfunkel,' and there they are. The service can have demos, bootlegs, concerts, whatever context the artist wants to put out. And once that model is put into place, the industry will grow 10 times the size it is now."

I'm not sure if Rubin is deluding himself or if he's just spouting off the Columbia Records corporate fantasy. Either way, like it or not, people want to own their music. Gee wonder where I heard that before....

Odds & Ends: Today's Interesting Reads

Around the Mac Web, Greatest Invention of the Year (TM) Edition:

Time: Invention of the Year

Invention of Year Embarrassment

Big UK iPhone Sales Expected

Apple's Having Problems with Dot Mac 

EEK! A Virus!

Mossberg Hates Gateway (Surprise! Not!) 

Must Read: Apple Needs a Nikon

Odds & Ends: Today's Interesting Reads

Around the Mac web for November 1, 2007, Intel GMA X3100 graphics edition,

MacBook Stealth Update

Time Invention of the Year: iPhone

iPhone already has a Legacy

Leopard's Quality

Leopard Demolishes Vista

Someone Else noticed Apple's Cash Nest Egg

Strike!

Last, but certainly not least, iLounge has released the iLounge 2008 iPod & iPhone buyers guide. Really good stuff. I recommend it highly (and it comes in a really cool iPhone format too!).

The Java Controversy - Much Ado About Nothing

It seems like every day there's a new controversy on the Mac web. Today its Java (well, to be fair this controversy has been brewing for some time as we shall see). Specifically, Apple's support (or lack there of) for Java 6. 

Now, in order to understand this controversy, you have to know a little bit about Java.

Java 6 is Sun's (the creators of Java) most recent release of the Java platform (and Java is alot more than just a programming language. A fact that adds to the confusion. A couple of years ago Sun, in an effort to capitalize on all the good buzz the Java programming language was getting, decided it would be good marketing to name just about anything Java or base just about anything released by Sun on Java. And don't even get me started on Javascript).  

Java 6 was proceeded by Java 5, which makes sense but, Java 5 was proceeded by...Java 1.4. Oh, yes - Java 5 is alternatively known as Java 1.5 (and among the Java community you will sometimes hear Java 6 called Java 1.6, but I digress).

The Java on OS X Timeline spells out the details but, essentially, when Mac OS X added Java 1.4 support, Java developers sat up and took notice. By the time support for Java 1.5 came about, many Java developers were downright in love with Macs. Its not hard to see why, they could have their Java development environment with Unix tools and still be a good corporate citizen with Microsoft Office on the Mac. Plus, it was a Mac so things tended to just work (at the same time Java on Windows had issues). 

But, then things started to go wrong. I'll let the Java developers speak for themselves first:

Gosling Dumps OS X

Time for Java developers to Leave OS X

To summarize the controversy, Apple is very far behind porting Java 6 to Mac OS X. The Java Developers also have some gripes with some of the more advanced features of Java 5 on the Mac - specifically anything that has to to with Graphical User Interfaces (GUI's). 

Of course, there are two sides to this story- first, Porting Java on OS X is hard and, Java 5 on OS X is Pretty Good.

So that's the issue and there is an all out revolt from all those Java developers who traded in their Windows boxes a few years ago for Macs. 

My day job deals with Java so I might be considered to have a horse in this race - I'd love to see Apple support J2ME which is Java for smart phones and other small devices. But I don't think its ever going to happen as I'll explain below. 

All of this "controversy" is much ado about nothing.

First, I think that this controversy over Java 6 is bogus since most companies don't run Java 6. In the corporate world folks tend to lag about one version behind. Consequently, nearly all of the (money making) Java programing being done is on Java 5 (nee, 1.5). Related to this is the fact that nearly all of this Java work is server side Java and so all the Java GUI madness does not apply. 

But more importantly, I think Apple could care less. Java support by Apple is just not a priority anymore.

I think Apple will be happy to say goodbye to all these complaining Java developers. Why? I think they have (maybe rightly) assumed that Java is a technology that has reached middle age and grown about as much as its going to grow. As a result, just doesn't make sense to support Java with all of Apple's weight anymore. A few years ago it looked like Java would become an important technology on the desktop. It has not. It is important on servers, but how many desktop applications are written in Java? I can think of maybe two that are worth anything (that comment will generate a ton of hate mail I'm sure). 

More over, the imporant technology for Apple is Objective-C with Cocoa on the desktop (and soon to be on the iPhone & iPod) and a WebKit, JavaScript, Ajax and Quicktime H.264 on the internet. Consequently, Java (and Adobe's Flash) is a direct threat to Apple.

I think Apple is more than happy to support open standards (e.g. Ruby, Python) that compliment its technology stack. But I think that Apple has made the decision not to support its competitors or technology it does not see as complementary to Apple technology. Java is both a threat (J2ME) and is not complimentary (J2SE - i.e. desktop java). 

Will I be surprised if Apple finally releases support for Java 6? No. But I just don't think Apple is going to go out of its way to support Java nor have Java support drive its timelines or strategy. Apple has clearly decided that it can loose several thousand Java developers when it is picking up several thousand consumers every day.

Odds & Ends: Today's Interesting Reads

Vampires, Ghosts, Unicorns and other mythical things (a.k.a. Google Phone edition):

The gPhone is Coming!

Verizon Google Phone

Google Boogyman

Unlocking is price of success

WWGD

Odds & Ends: Today's Interesting Reads

Here are today's interesting reads, mac and non-mac:

2 Million Cats on the Loose

Leopard is Apple if His Eye

Why it was Called the Manhattan Project

What is a Hulu anyway?

Apple needs an actual TV

How to Save Apple TV

Apple-NBC War Continues

Jeff Zucker, head of NBC Universal, wanted a piece of Apple's iPod sales in return for a deal to sell NBC's programming on iTunes: 

"Apple sold millions of dollars worth of hardware off the back of our content and made a lot of money,” Zucker said. “They did not want to share in what they were making off the hardware or allow us to adjust pricing."

“We don’t want to replace the dollars we were making in the analog world with pennies on the digital side,” he said.

So, let me get this straight Jeff.

You want Apple to pay you a percentage of each iPod sale for the right to sell, for $1.99, an episode of the Office on iTunes.

Now, this is the same content that you give away for free every week. 

The same stuff that anybody with a TiVo can record and then skip all those commercials when they watch it later.  

Are you the dumbest guy on the planet? 

Good luck with hoho or whatever you call it. HoHo is not exactly burning with buzz but I'm sure it's just what everyone wants - the ability to watch streaming TV and movies with commercials on their PC. 

Oh yeah, and another thing Jeff. Apple didn't sell iPods off the back of your content (which you already give away for free). Apple sold iPods off the back of the Big 5 music label's content (LOL). 

Seriously, Zucker's thinking is the problem here. He believes that his viewers will just watch where and when and how he says they will. It is a pre-digital mindset. The problem is that as DVD's, TiVo and iPods and iPhones have become common place, viewers have realized that they like the ability to choose the time and place and medium to watch TV shows and movies. That's why the movie theaters are slowly dying. Its why TV ratings are steadily declining. Its why DVD, iPods and TiVo sales are increasing.

Zuckers mindset conveniently forgets that iTunes sales saved his bacon:

"I'm not sure that we'd still have the show on the air" without the iTunes boost, says Angela Bromstead, president of NBC Universal Television Studio, which owns and produces "The Office." "The network had only ordered so many episodes, but when it went on iTunes and really started taking off, that gave us another way to see the true potential other than just Nielsen. It just kind of happened at a great time."

I think Apple should do one of two things - either seriously look into buying NBC Universal from General Electric or, drop the H-Bomb and release a version of iTunes that will rip DVDs in the "it just works" Apple way. I'm sure either move would get the movie studios and networks to play ball.

Apple's No Cash For iPhone is Legal

Although, this guy doesn't think so, Apple's No Cash allowed policy is probably legal: 

Coinage Act of 1965, specifically Section 31 U.S.C. 5103, entitled "Legal tender," which states: "United States coins and currency (including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and dues...There is, however, no Federal statute mandating that a private business, a person or an organization must accept currency or coins as for payment for goods and/or services. "

Oddly enough, I am a licensed attorney so here's my thoughts for what its worth (and that's not much I'm afraid). 

Since there is no Federal Law that mandates private merchants accept cash for transactions, private merchants are free to not accept cash. The point here is two fold, first, the Federal Government can only enforce Federal Laws that exist and second, the regulation of private merchants is generally left to the States. While State Law may require private merchants to accept cash, I don't know of (and have not heard of) any States that require private merchants to accept cash. 

There are also freedom of contract issues here. Parties are generally free to set the terms of their own contracts. A consumer purchase is just a form of contract. Apple agrees to sell you and iPhone and you agree to pay for it. Apple is now setting the term that the only way you can pay is via credit card. You are certainly free to reject that term and, of course, Apple can refuse to sell to you since you rejected its terms. 

The commerce clause argument (i.e. that the iPhone is a device regulated by the Federal Government and is often used in interstate commerce) is interesting. The problem is that who is going to foot the legal bills to challenge it - especially given current interpretations of the commerce clause (i.e. due to the conservative nature of the federal courts they have tried to limit the scope of the commerce clause. I think it is safe to assume that commerce clause challenges will generally fail - especially in this case where the challenge is not to any federal or state law but to the policy of a private merchant).

That being said, it is still interesting to consider. 

The FCC has no regulatory powers over the sale of the device (i.e. it can't influence the price apple sells it for or who apple sells it to) so the argument that the iPhone is subject to federal government regulation based on FCC requirements is peripheral at best. 

The more interesting argument is that the iPhone is often used in interstate commerce. The problem here is that the current view of the commerce clause, outlined in United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995), United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 528 (2000) has set the limits of the commerce clause to (1) the channels of interstate commerce; (2) the instrumentalities of interstate commerce and; (3) actions that affect interstate commerce. Now these limits apply to Federal Law. Since there is no Federal law that requires private merchants to accept cash, I suspect that courts would find no commerce clause argument can apply based on Lopez and Morrison. Additionally, Seminole Tribe v. Florida, 517 U.S. 44 (1996) held that the commerce clause does not give the federal government the power to abrogate the sovereign immunity of the states. Thus, since States have the power to regulate private merchants, a commerce clause challenge to the policy of a private merchant will fail. 

Anyway, that's my 15 minute legal analysis and its probably not very good. I think the U.S. Treasury statement is much more authoritative.

**Note: Although I am an attorney, I am not your attorney. Nothing in this post or on this website should be taken as legal advice. If you need legal advice, contact your state's legal services association or bar association who can refer you to an attorney.

Odd's & End's: Today's Interesting Reads

Who'd have thought that someday we would live in a world where the Red Sox are not just World Series Champions, but have won the World Series twice in the last four years?

When your iPod shouldn't be close to your heart

iPhone: No Cash and only 2 per person

No gift cards either

$831

Windows as the iPhone Limiter

Leopard stalking Microsoft

NBC tells Apple: we can Destroy ourselves, thank you

iPhone Bashing for Fun and Profit

This blog compares Daring Fireball's post on Apple's fourth quarter earnings with this mess of a post about the iPhone sales numbers as some kind of lazer that cuts throught the iPhone hype. It is simply amazing to me how people like to ignore or discount facts. It should come as no surprise that iPhone bashing is a sure way to get web traffic.

As much as I hate to do it, sometimes you see something that just gets under your skin. So.... 

The Mobile-Review.com article makes some seriously crazy arguments.

First, that Apple was behind the iPhone unlocking madness:

somebody really wants third-party companies and certain individuals to bypass the iPhones security and share their methods with others. Apple’s rivals, apparently, are not interested in this, why would they want to boost its sales and market shares anyway. So the only party that can actually gain here is Apple itself.

The basis for this ridiculous assertion? That somebody gave George Hotz a new car for hacking the iPhone and, that someone offered $100,000 for a software hack to unlock the iPhone. 

The inference Mobile-Review.com makes is that given this large amount of money at issue and since Apple would benefit, Apple had to be behind this iPhone unlocking effort.

Of course, this is just pure BS. A 2 minute Google search uncovers the truth. The iPhone was hacked because folks rightly assumed that there would be a lucrative market for unlocked iPhones in which a SIM card from any cell phone carrier could be used. 

Next, Mobile-Review.com argues that Apple, sinister monster that it is, has created to the iPod Touch to get people into the stores only to bait and switch them into the iPhone, all in some nefarious plot to get to the 10 million iPhone sales figure: 

And the fact that the Touch is not hyped or promoted like its glamorous sibling should come as no surprise either – those who really need it and know exactly what they want will go for the Touch, and everybody else will be better off with iPhones in their pockets, for it is the company’s main focus.

Ummm. Ok. Well lets see here. Forget the fact that after Apple announced the iPhone, everyone assumed that Apple would eventually release something like the iPod Touch. Forget the fact that Apple is going to make truckloads of cash from selling the iPod Touch this holiday season. Forget the fact that the iPod touch is the future of the iPod family of products. Are people going to be "up-sold" from the iPod Touch to the iPhone? Yes. Is there anything wrong with that? Nope, its a perfectly accepted retail practice (see: Mac Mini). Please tell me Mobile-Review.com that you have something else besides this. 

Well, Mobile-Review.com does have something else and its a doozy: Apple wants unlocked iPhones since it knows that in order to get its 10 million sales goal, it will have to sell iPhones to people who do not use AT&T:

Apple has deliberately driven all contracted phones out of its stores, so now it offers only the hardware. This means that the goal (10 million units sold) will be achieved at any cost, even if the company’s partners, carriers in this particular case, will suffer. Apple alone is responsible for the market of illegal iPhones that has already emerged – if they didn’t make it so affordable, it all would be different.

Yes. Of course. That's why Apple is limiting iPhone Sales to 2 per person. And why it has warned everyone that unlocking the iPhone invalidates its warranty. I see everything now - if Apple says No, they really mean Yes, Black is White, Up is Down. Ugh. Come on. Be serious here.

I can't believe that this guy had the nerve to call this hair-brained conspiracy theory a valid counter weight to Daring Fireball's rational analysis. I kept asking myself why. Why would anyone make such a irrational argument? Then I checked the traffic logs on my website.

In the past week, I've made about 1 post per day. But, my best days for traffic were articles that were directly about the iPhone. Anything iPhone drives web traffic. I guess thats why drivel like Mobile-Review.com gets written. iPhone bashing for fun and profit. Ugh. 

[Updated: October 30, 2007]

One of the challenges I am struggling with on this site is whether to open up my random thoughts to comments. Due to some bad (i.e. overwhelming spam comments) experiences, have comments turned off, but I am allowing trackbacks. So, today, I got a trackback from ramikayyali.com, who originally linked to the Mobile-Review.com article. Here's a link to his response. I am not sure how to take his response. My original gripe was really with the Mobile-Review.com conspiracy theory and I only peripherally had an issue with the ramikayyali.com post. But, as I see his response, I think he's proving the point I was trying to make - i.e. that bashing Apple or the iPhone is a sure way to drive traffic to your blog:

the reason I linked to such “drivel” is so I can read more responses like Dan’s.

Was I sarcastic? Yes. Was the Mobile-Review.com article "drivel". Yup, in my opinion it was.

I have re-read Rami's original post a number of times and I think I got it right. Rami is making a comparison to the Mobile-Review.com conspiracy theory and the Daring Fireball Tea Leaf reading. I just don't think its a valid (or fair) comparison.

But, like Rami, I'll let my readers decide.

Sox Win!

 

I ran from school in 1978 only to have Bucky Bleeping Dent crush my hopes. In 1986, I watched the ball roll behind the bag. Grady Little in 2003. In 2004, I finally got to see the World Championship. Now, 3 years later I get to see another. 

Congratulations Red Sox. 2007 World Champions

Odds & Ends: Today's Interesting Reads

Here's today's interesting reads, smug OS X Leopard user bashing Vista edition (oh, we kid, microsoft!):

Anderson's Razor

Lifehacker's 20 Useful OS X downloads

Visa Sales Down

Six Leopard Hidden Gems

Well, I've been up most of the night poking around Leopard and have come across some hidden gems: 

DASHBOARD MOVIE WIDGET: what the hell was Apple thinking holding this back? It is awesome, and I hardly ever use widgets. Be sure to check it out.

PREVIEW: Good Lord, has preview been beefed up. Try this: take a picture of someone and save it as a jpg. Then open it in preview and use the Extract Shape tool to "carve them out" of the background. Preview is like the cheap person's photoshop now. You can play with the color levels, put text over pictures, crop, flip and adjust. Oh yeah, it does some cool things with PDF's too.

TEXT EDIT: A free word processor. It checks grammar and spelling. It does bullets and outlines. You can make up styles. For 80% of the world, its as good as M$ Word.

WEB CLIP: I check the lottery numbers web page ever day. No more. That strange box next to the reload button in safari, just click it and then "Clip out" a section of an web page that you want you check and is often updated. Ta Da! instant, updating Dashboard widget, no need to launch in the web page browser, just hit F12.

DICTIONARY: Not sexy, but useful. The dictionary has been beefed up with Oxford American Dictionary, a thesaurus and wikipedia. Just highlight a word, control-click and chose dictionary.

ALEX: The new leopard voice is so good its scary sometimes. I have had my mac speak the time since OS X 10.1 but when Alex did it tonight, I thought for sure someone else was in my house at 2 a.m.

There's a ton of other cool things (print preview is very cool now, back to my mac makes the $99 dot mac worth the cost, quick look is very handy, spotlight searching is beefed up and faster, there's a ton of hi-resolution pictures of mac hardware hidden in one of the library folders) but these are 6 things that I had either forgotten about or didn't know about. Let me know if you find any other hidden gems.

Five Minute Leopard Install Review

Still in the process of getting everything up and running since I did an erase and install, but here are my first impressions: 

1. Snappy. 

2. Make sure you disable Airport before you boot the Leopard install disk. With Airport on, it did not see my laptop's hard disk. 

3. File icons are flat, not sure if I like that, especially since its harder to distinguish between them. 

4. What happened to Airport Disc Utility? 

5. No Time Machine over Airport? I actually saw several websites note this. Hopefully Apple will fix this with an update down the line. Kind of takes the ooomph out of Airport Discs when your primary machine is a laptop (I mean who wants to be tethered to a USB disc all the time?). 

6. Started install at 7 p.m., got the welcome video a little over 1 hr later (note that I let the install verify the install disk which took about 30 minutes). 

7. Still getting things back into shape. I tried to cut corners by not doing a full hard disk back up (just applications and the user folder since I keep my documents, movies and iTunes and iPhoto libraries on an Airport Disc).

Probably could have saved time by doing an archive and install, but I wanted a fresh start. This messed me up with my calendars and mail accounts. Got the calendars working pretty easily. Still working on the mailboxes and hoping that when I sync iPhone my contacts will fill in. Also looks like some of my applications need to have the serial numbers put back in. 

8. Some old applications are showing the generic OS X icon in the finder. I'm hoping that disc utility will fix that. 

9. Dock on the right will show flat (which is good) and in 3D when it is on the bottom. 

10. Like the new Leopard voice.

Well, in the time it took me to write this, the last of my files have copied onto my laptop. Looks like I have a bit of clean-up and then I'll need to run disk utility to repair permissions and I should be good to go.

Welcome to Leopard everyone!

Odds & Ends: Today's Interesting Reads

Right now, somewhere in central New Jersey there is a FedEx truck. On that truck is a package with my name on it. Inside that package is Apple's Big Cat. Until it arrives, here's today's interesting reads:

Leopard Hidden Gems

Macworld's Leopard Review

Leopard Install Tips

What to do Before and After installing Leopard

iTunes Needs Movie Rentals

With the exception of the iPod Shuffle, all of Apple's iPods and the iPhone support video playback. Yet, the movie and TV sections of the iTunes store have become stagnant with little new content. While iTunes has millions of songs for sale, it has less than 1,000 movies. The Apple TV, Apple's "hobby", appears to be going nowhere. Apple needs to do something soon to step up its video content market. But what? 

Well one of the things Apple seems to be doing is to go after short films. But this is not a viable long-term solution. Apple needs video content soon to help fill up all of those iPods and iPhones that will end up in stockings this Christmas. Many of those iPods are going to be replacing ones that can't play video. Come the end of January, unless Apple has something up its sleeve, people are going to start asking why there's no content. 

Apple's position seems to be that the iTunes movie and TV sections are still young:

“We’re really at the beginning stage in the movie space,” said Eddy Cue, Apple’s vice president for iTunes, adding that iTunes had sold more than four million movie downloads...but still had fewer than 1,000 titles for sale.

But this is simply not a reasonable argument when all of your products support video playback.

To further put the heat on Apple, the infamous NBC-Apple feud has apparently ended badly for Apple as talks between NBC-Universal have broken down. Thus, come December 1, all NBC shows, many of which are iTunes top sellers, will be pulled from iTunes.

Unlike the music business, Movie and TV producers seem to have Apple's number:

NBC Universal spokesman Cory Shields said his company's programs help drive the sales of iPods. "The iPod is only as good as the content on it," he said.

I suspect NBC's challenge to iTunes will eventually fail. Although (unlike the music business), NBC does not get any significant portion of its revenue from iTunes sales, it does get buzz among the people it most wants to attract with its shows. Not to offer it on the iTunes store is just foolish. But, the fact that NBC can even think it is possible to challenge Apple and the reason Apple's movie selection is so meager can probably be pinned on one person: David Porter of Wal-Mart. 

It seems Mr. Porter has clubbed the movie studios into submission in order to protect Wal-Mart's multi-billion dollars in DVD sales. As a result, digital movie sales are stuck in the mud with limited selection and insistence by the studios on high prices and ridiculous digital rights management (DRM) restrictions. 

But there may be a way out for Apple: Movie Rentals.

Apparently studios that had been reluctant to make their digital content available for sale through Apple are considerably more enthusiastic about video-on-demand (VOD) rentals because they wouldn't compete directly with Hollywood's own DVD sales operations.

There has been some speculation that Apple will soon be ready to roll out movie rentals. If true, then expect Movie rentals to be the main attraction at January's Macworld.

Leopard Key to iPhone Enhancements

With the release tomorrow of Mac OS X Leopard, I expect that the iPhone will finally "come home" to the OS it was designed to operate with. Consequently, over the next couple of months iPhone users should see a significant increase in the iPhone's capabilities.

It has been argued, correctly I think, that the iPhone is a Leopard device and needs the new technology of Leopard to reach its maximum potential. With Leopard's release, I expect that the iPhone firmware is due for an update - probably within the next 2 weeks. 

We should see, at a minimum, an update to the iPhone's mail and calendar applications to support the enhancements Leopard makes in those applications and, maybe some other goodies. 

For mail, expect Leopard to allow you synchronize the iPhone Notes application (edit and start new notes on the desktop that are then uploaded to iPhone on the next sync). I imagine the iPhone will also get its missing To-Do app to integrate with Leopards enhanced To-Dos.

On the Calendar side, I suspect that the iPhone calendar app already supports Apple's new iCal Server and the CalDAV format but if it doesn't yet, the next iPhone software update will take care of that.

I also suspect that we will finally see iChat for the iPhone sometime soon. 

However, the biggest enhancements the iPhone will see are a direct result of Apple's confirmation that it will release a Third-Party Developer Software Development Kit (SDK) to allow new applications on the iPhone. Despite all of the gnashing of teeth about the iPhone's lack of a real development kit for third party software developers, I had always assumed that Apple would eventually open up the iPhone for its developers. Steve Jobs' announcement that a SDK will be released in Febuary caused much rejoicing in the Mac development community.
 

The release of Leopard also gives a glimpse of what kind of SDK Apple will provide. For example, Core Animation is already known to be a part of the iPhone software and it is expected that some of Leopard's security features were put into OS X specifically for iPhone. As folks begin to unlock the secrets of Leopard in the next few months, expect that some of those hidden features will become part of the iPhone. 

One of the overlooked things that Apple has done in the past couple of weeks is to create a new section of their developer web site geared specifically to the iPhone. They've also given registered developers access to recorded video from the iPhone tech talks Apple scheduled in various major cities a few months ago. The new iPhone development site should be a hub of activity over the next couple of months. 

Now, I suspect the iPhone development environment will be a separete or unique mode of XCode (or quite possibly an enhancement to Dashcode) and that Apple will build into the development tool the security it needs to support 3rd party iPhone development. Once that new tool is in developers hands (and developers will probably get it at or soon after January's Macworld Conference), iPhone users should begin to see new iPhone applications roll out a a nice pace.

The next couple of months should be an exciting time for iPhone users. 

With Leopard's release iPhone users should see an software update in the next couple of weeks (since Apple will want to put it out before the holiday buying season starts in earnest), and probably one right after Macworld in January as Third-Party developers begin to crank out new iPhone applications. Let the fun begin!

Odds & Ends: Today's Interesting Reads

One day before the Leopard release, so today's odds & ends provides a roundup of Leopard reviews:

Leopard is one cool cat

Leopard beats Vista

Leopard's bright new spots

Leopard spot on

Classic World Series Moments: I ain't got my Taco

Here's a conversation, caught by the TV crew and played on the broadcast, from game 1 of the 2007 World Series between Royce Clayton and Coco Crisp of the Red Sox about Taco Bell's free taco promotion.

Royce: You said if somebody steals a base in the World Series... 

Coco: The first time somebody steals a base... Taco Bell is gonna give one taco... to everybody in America. 

Royce: To everybody what? 

Coco: In America. 

Royce: That day? 

Coco: I dunno... [unintelligible] 

Royce: What the hell you talkin' bout? It's gotta be that day. 

Coco: But there's only like two hours left in the day at that point. 

Royce: So what? That's what the deal has to be. How you gonna come in and say, "I ain't got my taco!" You could go to every Taco Bell in the world and say that. "I didn't get my taco!" How they gonna know?

So Royce, on the unlikely event you check my blog, here's the official rules:

During any game of the 2007 World Series, Taco Bell will offer the prize identified below for ANY "stolen base."
For purposes of this event, an eligible "stolen base" is defined as a base stolen during regulation or extra innings play and is subject to the determination/designation of the official Major League Baseball scorekeeper as an official stolen base.
If a base is stolen during regulation or extra innings play by any player for either team, Taco Bell will offer every person in the U.S. the opportunity to obtain one (1) free Crunchy Seasoned Beef Taco
Only one (1) Free Taco will be permitted per person, regardless of how many eligible bases are stolen during the Games.
This offer is open to legal residents of the fifty (50) United States and the District of Columbia only.
Eligible consumers can obtain their free Crunchy Seasoned Beef Taco on Tuesday, October 30, 2007 (if base is stolen in Games 1 or 2) OR November 6, 2007 (if base is stolen in Games 3-7).
To obtain the Free Taco, consumers must visit any participating Taco Bell® restaurant in one of the fifty (50) the United States or District of Columbia between 2:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. (local time) on the Redemption Date only and request a Free Crunchy Seasoned Beef Taco.
Limit one (1) Free Crunchy Seasoned Beef Taco per person.

So, Royce, I hope that clarifies things for you. Oh, I almost forgot. You don't get a taco:

MLB Entities and employees thereof are ineligible.

And, the "I ain't got my taco" excuse might not work:

Participating Taco Bell restaurant manager reserves the right to deny Free Taco to any person he/she reasonably believes has already received a Free Taco or has engaged in any other fraudulent activity.

So, hopefully Coco will steal a base in game 2 so we can all get our free tacos. 

[UPDATED 10/25/2007: Jacoby Ellsbury, the Red Sox rookie center fielder, just stole 2nd base and earned everyone a free taco]

Happy (belated) Birthday iPod

I missed this yesterday - the iPod's 6th Birthday.

I remember watching this webcast. It was held, I believe, in Apple's (small) town hall auditorium and everybody and their brother knew that Apple's big secret was going to be an MP3 player. Looking back now is how much folks hated it. It was mac only. It was expensive ($399 for 5GB). The overall reaction from the tech pundits (and just about everyone else) was that the iPod was not a game changer.

Pretty funny. I still have my original 5 GB iPod and it still works like a charm. One of its coolest things about that 1st generation iPod? It came sticker on it with the words "Don't Steal Music".

Re-live the birth:

Odds & Ends: Today's Interesting Reads

Odds & Ends for October 24, 2007:

Behind Apple's Money Machine

Around the U.S.A. with only an iPhone

iPhone's impact on web design

Gmail goes IMAP

Fake Steve loves the Sox

Which reminds me, Go SOX!!!!

Odds & Ends: Today's Interesting Reads

From time to time, I'll post some interesting links for your enjoyment:

Apple Most Valuable Computer Company in the World

How to upgrade to Leopard

Guide to Installing Leopard on Day One

Behind the iPhone Sales Numbers

Daring Fireball on why the Mac is Back

Hell froze over

Apple is in the Money. Time to Spend Some.

If you don't know, Apple released its quarterly earnings yesterday. The only word to describe it is blowout. 

Lets recap the highlights: 

2,164,000 Macs Sold (up 34% from the same quarter last year) 

10,200,000 iPods Sold (up 17% from the same quarter last year) 

1,119,000 iPhone sold (For a total to date of 1,389,000 phones sold. 

Remember that the iPhone started selling with a couple of days left in last quarter)

All this leads to: 

Revenue of $6.22 billion 

Net profit of $904 million (up 67% from the same quarter last year) 

Wow. If you have not followed Apple in the past, let me just tell you that these numbers are just staggering for a quarter. 

Consequently, Apple stock is up and is helping to drive the stock market to early gains today. Add into the fact that just 7 years ago Apple's future was seriously in doubt and you can see how far Apple has come. 

One of the things I like to track is how much cash Apple has on hand. Apple has always held alot of cash, although they never seem to spend it. A quick check of Apple's 4th quarter press release archive quickly turned up the following: 

2007: $15.4 billion in cash on hand 

2006: $10 billion in cash on hand 

2003: $4.3 billion in cash on hand 

So in four years they have tripled their nest egg. Thats alot of money. Remember (and this is a simplification) this is money Apple has just sitting in the bank. The question is what is Apple going to do with it? 

Now, modern companies like to keep alot of cash. For comparison, Apple's $15 billion cash on hand is about half of what Microsoft has on hand. However, Apple's market capitalization, which is now bigger than IBM's ($155 Billion), is only about one third of Microsoft's (Apple Market Cap = $161 billion, Microsoft Market Cap = $289 Billion). What this tells me is that it is time for Apple to spend some of this cash, either by buying back shares (probably unlikely) or by buying some smaller companies. 

But who? How about Universal Music and/or NBC (if General Electric and Vivendi were willing to sell. Back in 2003 there was a rumor Apple & Vivendi were in talks for Apple to buy Universal). An Apple purchase of one or both of these properties would help shore up the current challenge to Apple's iTunes business.

Of course, that kind of purchase would probably empty Apple's cash coffer as well as tax Apple's stock. 

How about something a bit smaller but still important to Apple's iTunes business? Akamai who Apple uses to help deliver iTunes content? Akamai could be bought by Apple and they would still have billions in cash left over. Or, how about Blockbuster Video or NetFlix? Apple could by one or even both of them for only a small portion of their cash reserves and energize Apple's stalled distribution of digital movies (as well as Apple TV).

I am not a stock analyst so I'm just throwing this up as food for thought. But I do think that it is high time Apple spend some of its money. They run a really tight ship financially at Apple, but I don't know why they would want this kind of cash on hand.

The Real iPhone Revolution - iPhone in OS X

On the brink of Apple releasing its quarterly earnings today and the long awaited OS X Leopard on Friday, the New York Times has an article today on the increase in Mac marketshare. The article quotes Steve Jobs as saying that Mac users should expect an OS upgrade every 12 to 18 months (which is consistant with Apple's past OS X practice and, probably not too bad to Apple's bottom line at $129 a pop).

But, the real news burried at the bottom of the article is this comment by Jobs:

Mr. Jobs said he was struck by the success of the multitouch interface that is at the heart of the iPhone version of the OS X. This allows a user to touch the screen at more than one point to zoom in on a portion of a photo, for example.“People don’t understand that we’ve invented a new class of interface,” he said.He contrasted it with stylus interfaces, like the approach Microsoft took with its tablet computer. That interface is not so different from what most computers have been using since the mid-1980s.In contrast, Mr. Jobs said that multitouch drastically simplified the process of controlling a computer.There are no “verbs” in the iPhone interface, he said, alluding to the way a standard mouse or stylus system works. In those systems, users select an object, like a photo, and then separately select an action, or “verb,” to do something to it.The Apple development team worried constantly that the approach might fail during the years they were creating the iPhone, he said.“We all had that Garry Trudeau cartoon that poked fun at the Newton in the back of our minds,” he said, citing Doonesbury comic strips that mocked an Apple handwriting-recognition system in 1993. “This thing had to work.” 

Why is this so important? Everyone and their brother has assumed that the iPhone interface would eventually make its way to the iPod and, of course, it did. But, I suspect Apple is thinking beyond the iPod product line. There has been spectualtion here and there that Apple would port the touch interface to MacBook laptops (most likely via a touch trackpad) as well as some speculation that Apple's desktops could use a touch interface (which Jobs has rightly rejected as unworkable in the current form factor - try holding your arm up to your monitor for 5 minutes). But Jobs explaination should give you and idea to the furture of the Mac OS X interface - "verbs" v "nouns."

I suspect that over the next 2 years we are going to see more "noun" type interfaces from Apple in OS X, with or without a touch input mechanism. More "one click" or "one touch" standalone widgets that do one thing only. Don't forget that the iPhone was in development for years at Apple and its "culture" is most likely entrenched at the stakeholder level of Apple. Thus, I suspect that there will be more "iPhone in OS X" over the next couple of years rather than more "OS X in the iPhone."

Want some evidence? How about Widgets? Or Coverflow (now there's an interface that works amazingly well on the iPhone and is good, yet not as good, in iTunes. And, of course, OS X Leopard will have coverflow everywhere). Or how about iMovie 08 (which amazingly lost features from its previous version)? I submit that all of these Apple "innovations" were born out of, or refined by, the iPhone interface work.

AT&T's Biggest Seller = iPhone

Not only is the iPhone, AT&T's biggest seller , it looks like it is going to be the biggest selling phone in the US:

The researchers reckon over 1.1 million iPhones were sold in the third quarter, meaning Apple's sold 1.325 million of the devices since the iPhone shipped in the US alone.

"The iPhone has become AT&T's top selling device, commanding some 13 per cent of AT&T's overall handset sales, and the fourth top selling handset in the US market," said Barry Gilbert, vice president of the Strategy Analytics BuyerTRAX programs.

He added: "Although the iPhone hasn't had an expansionary impact in the market, the iPhone has quickly assumed a leading market share position and raised the ante for smart devices. The sales trajectory we are observing with the iPhone could make it the top selling device in the US over the next 1-2 quarters."

Not bad...kinda makes that iPhone SDK announcement look like an interesting opportunity for software developers.

AT&T's Biggest Seller = iPhone

Not only is the iPhone, AT&T's biggest seller , it looks like it is going to be the biggest selling phone in the US:

The researchers reckon over 1.1 million iPhones were sold in the third quarter, meaning Apple's sold 1.325 million of the devices since the iPhone shipped in the US alone.

"The iPhone has become AT&T's top selling device, commanding some 13 per cent of AT&T's overall handset sales, and the fourth top selling handset in the US market," said Barry Gilbert, vice president of the Strategy Analytics BuyerTRAX programs.

He added: "Although the iPhone hasn't had an expansionary impact in the market, the iPhone has quickly assumed a leading market share position and raised the ante for smart devices. The sales trajectory we are observing with the iPhone could make it the top selling device in the US over the next 1-2 quarters."

Not bad...kinda makes that iPhone SDK announcement look like an interesting opportunity for software developers.

AT&T's Biggest Seller = iPhone

Not only is the iPhone, AT&T's biggest seller , it looks like it is going to be the biggest selling phone in the US:

The researchers reckon over 1.1 million iPhones were sold in the third quarter, meaning Apple's sold 1.325 million of the devices since the iPhone shipped in the US alone.

"The iPhone has become AT&T's top selling device, commanding some 13 per cent of AT&T's overall handset sales, and the fourth top selling handset in the US market," said Barry Gilbert, vice president of the Strategy Analytics BuyerTRAX programs.

He added: "Although the iPhone hasn't had an expansionary impact in the market, the iPhone has quickly assumed a leading market share position and raised the ante for smart devices. The sales trajectory we are observing with the iPhone could make it the top selling device in the US over the next 1-2 quarters."

Not bad...kinda makes that iPhone SDK announcement look like an interesting opportunity for software developers.

Birdflubreakingnews.com

Birdflubreakingnews.com is an excellent source of all H5N1 news and a really well done web site. Please check it out.

Birdflubreakingnews.com

Birdflubreakingnews.com is an excellent source of all H5N1 news and a really well done web site. Please check it out.

Is iTunes doomed?

I don't think so and neither does Ivan Askwith at Slate.

10/26/2007: The Cat's out of The Bag

After a long wait, Apple has finally announced that on October 26, 2007, Mac OS X (Leopard) will be released. While I am sure there will be long lines at all the Apple stores that night, let me make a plug for ordering via Amazon.com and supporting this blog:

And the Family Pack:

The iPhone Cometh

I tried to stay away from all the hype regarding the iPhone.

Unfortunately, I could not resist and finally got my iPhone over the weekend.

Luckily, I was able to hold off long enough to avoid the $200 early adopted tax.

Bird Flu Spread To Date

MSNBC has a really nice flash animation showing the spread of Bird flu across the world from December 2003 to October 2, 2007.

I can't recommend the BBC program on Bird Flu I posted the other day highly enough. A couple of the key takeaways from that show:

1. It is only a question of when, not if, Bird Flu is coming.
2. Once H5N5 mutates so it can be transmitted human to human, it will take 3 months to spread across the entire country. Expect the pandemic to hit in waves that last for about 3 - 5 months.
3. There is very little the government is going to do - you are on your own.
4. Plan ahead - you need to be able to isolate yourself as much as possible from others. Prepare to teach your kids at home, chart family members’ blood types and allergies and find out in advance if you will be able to work from your house.
5. Be Prepared - when the pandemic hits, you need food, water and medicine. You'll have to have enought to last you at least 4 months (when the peak infection rate will begin to subside) or you'll have to have a way to get food at a time when many folks will not show up for work, schools and businesses will be closed and utilities may fail.

Be sure to check out the Flu Wiki for more information.

Suburban Survival Odds & Ends

Every now and then I run accross or come up with an idea or two regarding suburban survival preparadness. From time to time, I'll post them here. These posts will be open for comment.

Here goes the First Odds & Ends post:

Suburban Survival is an option because you survive best on the land that you know.

That being said, you need to make the most of the land you have in suburbia:

1. Plant two apple trees in each corner of your backyard. It will be a couple of years before they start to bear fruit, so better sooner than later.
2. Expand backyard flower beds so that they can be easily adapted for squash and tomatoes. In a real survivial situtation, these beds will be expanded to your entire backyard.
3. Plant a winter garden now. Know what varieties of cabbage, beets, etc. will live over winter depending on what your weather is like.
4. Go down to the garden store this week and buy last year's seeds on clearance. Put them in a cool, dry place.
5. Consider installing a koi pond in your backyard (close to your downspouts but far enough away to avoid damage to your foundation). In a survival situation, this can be converted to rainwater collection/cistern/source of water/place to store excess catfish.
6. Have a 55 gal drum & several 5 or 7 gal water holders, as well as a way to collect/filter/haul new water.
7. Get a generator. Now. Look around for an army surplus generator if you have the space to store it.
8. Start accumulating tools of various kinds, including hand tools such as hand saws, hammers, and wood drills.
9. Find out where the water table is on your land. It may be possible to drill a well and install a hand pump.
10. Do you have non-gas powered transportation? Bicycles will be valuable when there is no gas to buy (as will bicycle parts).
11. Spend some time sizing up your neighbors. Which ones are kind of handy with tools and have useful skills such as electrical or plumbing? Look carefully at thier lifestyle/needs. Will they be valuable as an ally? Survival in a suburban setting will take planning. You will need like minded people in the community with whom you can share responsibilities and tasks.
12. Try hard to pay the house off. It may be a lot easier to come up with the property taxes as opposed to having to make mortgage payments. If your finances are not in such a condition right now that you can pay off the house, get them in order.
13. Have the materials ready to reinforce a door (2X4's & wood screws).
14. If you have to abandon your suburban property, have 2 escape routes and a "bug out" bag always ready.

Thoughts/Comments?

Risk II

The BBC on Bird Flu

National Response Framework and US Army Terrorism Guide

The National Response Framework provides a comprehensive, national, all-hazards approach to domestic incident response. The Framework presents an overview of key response principles, roles and structures that guide the national response. It describes how communities, States, the Federal Government and private-sector and nongovernmental partners apply these principles for a coordinated, effective national response.

A poster over at Daily Kos has written an excellent two part summary of the framework: Part I and Part II. Any thing I would write would be duplicative and I recommend you read these posts over (Daily Kos is political site but some things go beyond politics and this topic is one).

Finally, another reference you may want to examine is the US Army Guide to Terrorism in the 21st Century.

Risk

Over the next few days there will be several posts regarding why suburban survival preparation is important. One of the keys to understanding what to prepare for is to assess the risks that various catastrophic events might have should they occur and what the potential effects could be to the suburban survivalist.

To that end, here's an interesting news story from today's newswire regarding the potential damage that could be done to the U.S. power grid via a cyber attack. According to the article, government researchers have produced a video to demonstrate the effects of a cyber attack to the electrical grid:

commands quietly triggered by simulated hackers having such a violent reaction that the enormous turbine shudders as pieces fly apart and it belches black-and-white smoke.
...
The electrical attack never actually happened. The recorded demonstration, called the "Aurora Generator Test," was conducted in March by government researchers investigating a dangerous vulnerability in computers at U.S. utility companies known as supervisory control and data acquisition systems. The programming flaw was quietly fixed, and equipment-makers urged utilities to take protective measures.
...
President Bush's top telecommunications advisers concluded years ago that an organization such as a foreign intelligence service or a well- funded terror group "could conduct a structured attack on the electric power grid electronically, with a high degree of anonymity, and without having to set foot in the target nation." Ominously, the Idaho National Laboratory—which produced the new video—has described the risk as "the invisible threat."

How likely is such an attack? The article goes on to state that while possible, probably not very likely. But if it should occur, one of the key questions is how much of the grid is affected and for how long? Its just a guess but this type of attack would most likely not be too severe - perhaps the equivalent of a major winter storm or hurricane that knocks out power for several days. Still, are you prepared for loss of all electrical power for 3 days? How about a week? Two weeks? Two Months?

The Suburban Survivalist should be sufficiently prepared to assess and handle exactly this type of situation. He or she should be able to handle the loss of refrigeration, lights, heat and communications (TV, Phone) for several months and, be able to obtain or engage an alternate source of power for electrical needs.

Jericho

If you don't know about the CBS show, Jericho, then let me recommend it to you highly.

Jericho is about the residents of Jericho, a small Kansas town, in the aftermath of mysterious nuclear attacks on several major cities in the United States. The residents of Jericho have to deal with several issues - survival, gathering of information, community identity, public order, limited resources, the value of family, and internal and external threats. The show falls into the "24" and "Lost" type mystery/drama, so if you like those shows, you'll like Jericho.

Jericho was initially canceled by CBS due to poor ratings but, thanks to the efforts of its fans (and a several thousand pounds of nuts), it was renewed for 7 episodes to be shown as a "mid-season replacement" (i.e. if one of CBS's new fall 2007 shows fails, Jericho gets the spot or, if not, then it will show sometime in January/Feburary). Wikipedia summarizes the details or check out many of the fan websites.

If you missed Jericho when it was shown last year, don't fret. You can watch all 22 of the first season's episodes for free at CBS's Jericho Video Site, although you will have to watch them on your computer and they do have commercial breaks.

If you like the show and want to support it, you can buy and download all 22 episodes at iTunes (there's a button at the bottom of this post to open the Jericho page directly in iTunes). The advantage of the iTunes downloads is that there are no commercials and you can watch on any video enabled ipod (such as the new Apple iPod Nano, the new iPod Classic or the new Apple iPod Touch and the iPhone) or, you can use Apple TV to watch iTunes videos on your TV (you can also connect video ipods to your TV).

Also, the entire first season DVD is due to be released October 2, 2007 - Jericho - The First Season.

If you like the show, then let me encourage you to buy it either from iTunes or on DVD. The show has not been guaranteed a third season and by purchasing the download or DVD, you can send CBS a message to continue the show. Also, be sure to be watching when season two airs to help boost the ratings.

Finally, as a further enticement to watch Jericho, let me say that if you want to know why suburban survival is important, then the Jericho can shed some light.

Off the Grid by Les Stroud

Well this site is slowly coming together.

I have lots of great content in the hopper that I will be rolling out over the next couple of days. Until then, I'd thought I'd share a great set of You Tube videos with you.

If you are a fan of Les Stroud of Survivorman, then check out this program he did on "Off the Grid" Living:



The video is in several parts, most under 10 minutes in length. I'll list them here for your convenience:

Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
Part 9
Part 10

If you enjoy this program, then you may also enjoy Frontier House, which is a PBS show about three modern American families who spend five months in Montana living as though it were the 1800s.